Before diagnosing bipolar disorder, which conditions must be ruled out?

Bipolar disorder is characterized by mood swings that include episodes of mania or hypomania and depression. To accurately diagnose bipolar disorder, it is crucial to rule out other conditions that can mimic its symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is one such condition; it can lead to symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and mood lability, which can be confused with those seen in bipolar disorder. Similarly, stimulant abuse can produce symptoms of euphoria, increased energy, and grandiosity, all of which can resemble manic episodes.

When these conditions are not ruled out, there is a risk of misdiagnosis, which can lead to inappropriate treatment strategies. While there are other medical and psychological conditions that also need consideration, hyperthyroidism and stimulant abuse stand out as those that can closely resemble the manic and hypomanic phases of bipolar disorder due to their similar symptomatology. Ruling these out is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.