What characterizes a manic episode?

A manic episode is characterized by a significant change in mood and behavior that typically lasts for at least one week. During this period, individuals often experience an abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. This can lead to increased energy levels, a decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, and engaging in pleasurable activities that can have negative consequences, such as excessive spending or risky behaviors.

The duration of at least one week for a manic episode is crucial, as it distinguishes it from other mood states, including hypomanic episodes, which may last for a shorter duration (typically 4 days). This extended timeframe allows for the recognition of the profound impact on functioning and behavior, which defines the manic state.

In contrast to the other choices, the options mention shorter durations, lack of significant behavioral change, or focus on depression rather than elevated mood, making them not representative of a manic episode. Thus, option B — highlighting the significant change in behavior lasting for over one week — accurately captures the essential characteristics of a manic episode.