What disorder is defined by experiencing symptoms similar to major depressive disorder for at least 2 years?

Persistent depressive disorder, commonly known as dysthymia, is characterized by a chronic form of depression where an individual experiences depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least a duration of two years. The symptoms may not be as severe as those found in major depressive disorder; however, their persistence can lead to significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

The diagnosis emphasizes the length of time the symptoms are present, distinguishing it from major depressive disorder, which involves discrete episodes. Symptoms in persistent depressive disorder can include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulties concentrating, feelings of hopelessness, and low self-esteem—but lacking the severe episodes of depression characteristic of major depressive disorder.

Understanding the distinction is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment, as the chronic nature of dysthymia may require a different therapeutic approach compared to the often episodic nature of major depressive disorder.