What is a dangerous complication associated with the rapid reintroduction of food in patients with anorexia nervosa?

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Refeeding syndrome is a serious and potentially fatal complication that can occur when feeding is rapidly reintroduced to individuals who have been malnourished or have chronic starvation, such as patients with anorexia nervosa. This condition is characterized by a profound electrolyte shift that can lead to a variety of metabolic derangements.

When food is reintroduced, insulin secretion is stimulated in response to the influx of carbohydrates. This leads to increased glucose utilization and the subsequent movement of electrolytes, particularly phosphate, potassium, and magnesium, into the cells. Patients may then experience hypophosphatemia, which can result in complications such as muscle weakness, respiratory failure, seizures, and cardiac problems.

The risk of refeeding syndrome necessitates a careful and gradual reintroduction of nutrition, with close monitoring of electrolytes. Preventive measures include starting at reduced caloric amounts and gradually increasing while ensuring that electrolytes are closely monitored.

The other potential complications listed, such as acute kidney injury, pneumothorax, and hepatic failure, do not specifically correlate with the rapid refeeding process in the same manner that refeeding syndrome does. Therefore, refeeding syndrome is the primary concern in this scenario, making it the most relevant answer.

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