Which of the following can be a treatment option for premenstrual syndrome?

SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are commonly used as a treatment for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) due to their effectiveness in alleviating mood-related symptoms such as irritability, depression, and anxiety that can accompany this condition. These medications work by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain, which can improve mood and emotional regulation.

SSRIs may be used intermittently, targeting the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle when PMS symptoms typically arise, and have been shown to produce significant improvements in emotional symptoms associated with PMS. Clinical studies have supported the use of SSRIs for this purpose, demonstrating their capability in managing both the mood and physical symptoms related to PMS.

In contrast, some of the other options are not appropriate treatments for PMS. Surgery is typically reserved for more severe gynecological conditions and is not a standard approach for managing premenstrual symptoms. High doses of caffeine might exacerbate anxiety and disrupt sleep patterns, potentially worsening symptoms rather than providing relief. While hormonal therapy is an option for some women with severe PMS or PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder), it is not the only solution and may not be necessary for all patients. Thus, SSRIs represent an effective and widely recognized treatment option for