Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities is commonly observed in patients with anorexia nervosa?

Hyponatremia is commonly observed in patients with anorexia nervosa due to several physiological and behavioral factors. In this condition, individuals may significantly restrict food intake, leading not only to inadequate nutrition but also to electrolyte imbalances. A lack of proper dietary sodium intake, coupled with excessive fluid intake or even purging behaviors, can result in a dilutional effect, causing sodium levels in the blood to drop.

Additionally, individuals with anorexia nervosa may experience alterations in hormonal balance, especially involving antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which can lead to inappropriate water retention and further exacerbate the dilution of sodium in the bloodstream. This condition of low sodium can lead to various complications, including neurological symptoms.

Although other electrolyte abnormalities may occur in patients with anorexia nervosa, such as hypokalemia from vomiting or laxative use or hypocalcemia from decreased dietary intake, hyponatremia stands out as a particularly prevalent issue due to both dietary restrictions and the potential for fluid imbalance. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for managing and treating patients with anorexia nervosa effectively.