Which of the following medications is NOT commonly associated with opioid use disorder?

The correct answer is based on the characteristics and classification of the medications listed. Aspirin is a non-opioid analgesic that is primarily used for pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects, and cardiovascular purposes (such as preventing blood clots). It does not have the properties of opioids and is not associated with the potential for misuse or addiction that characterizes opioid use disorder.

In contrast, the other medications—tramadol, codeine, and hydrocodone—are all classified as opioids, or have opioid-like effects, making them susceptible to misuse and potential development of opioid use disorder. Tramadol, while it has a complex mechanism of action, does interact with opioid receptors and can lead to dependence. Codeine and hydrocodone are well-known opioids that can lead to addiction and have a high potential for abuse. Thus, these options are directly associated with opioid use disorder, while aspirin is not.