Which of the following signs is commonly associated with premenstrual syndrome?

Breast tenderness is a common sign associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This symptom, also known as mastalgia, is linked to hormonal fluctuations that occur in the menstrual cycle, particularly the increase in estrogen and progesterone levels. As the body prepares for menstruation, these hormones can cause physical changes in breast tissue, leading to swelling and tenderness.

Other signs of PMS can include mood swings, bloating, and changes in appetite, but breast tenderness is noteworthy because it is frequently reported by women experiencing PMS. The presence of this symptom can have a significant impact on a woman's comfort and overall well-being in the days leading up to her period.

In contrast, options that suggest severe insomnia or significant weight loss are less commonly associated with PMS. While some women may experience sleep disturbances as part of their overall mood symptoms, severe insomnia is not typically a hallmark feature of PMS. Increased appetite can occur in some cases of PMS due to hormonal influences but is not as consistently reported as breast tenderness. Weight loss during PMS is also unusual, as many women often experience weight gain or water retention rather than a reduction in weight.