Which symptoms indicate bipolar type 1?

Bipolar type 1 is characterized by the presence of at least one manic episode, which is a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least one week. In many cases, individuals with bipolar type 1 will also experience depressive episodes, making the combination of both manic and depressive episodes the hallmark of the disorder.

The scenario described in the correct choice mentions both a manic episode and a depressive episode lasting more than one week, which aligns with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5 for bipolar disorder. Specifically, it captures the essence of bipolar type 1, as the presence of manic episodes alone is sufficient for diagnosis, but the addition of depressive episodes is often present and important for understanding the full symptomatology.

The other options reflect different aspects of mood disorders but do not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of bipolar type 1. For example, manic episodes alone do not encompass the full picture, as bipolar type 1 also involves depressive episodes. Hypomanic episodes alone, which are less severe than manic episodes, do not qualify for this diagnosis on their own. Finally, chronic depression without any manic episodes is indicative of major depressive disorder rather than bipolar disorder.